Oncopathology

Established at the institute, the Department of Pathology specializes in cancer diagnosis. Biopsies and surgical samples from diverse sites such as the breast, gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary tract, gynecology, bones and soft tissues, skin, thorax, head, and neck are routinely received.

Annually, we process approximately 9,000 biopsy specimens and 1,800 surgical specimens. We offer rapid frozen section diagnosis for immediate treatment planning and diagnosis. This is especially beneficial for challenging cases, inaccessible sites, suspected metastatic deposits, and assessing surgical margins for clearance. We carry out around 3,600 frozen sections each year, facilitated by a dedicated team in the operation theatre complex.

Tissue samples, both tumor and normal, are preserved in OCT compound and snap frozen in liquid nitrogen at -186º C. About 3,200 samples annually contribute to our tumor bank.

Our meticulous study of surgical specimens, often from radical surgeries, involves examining various components like tumor areas, normal segments, surgical margins, blood vessels, nerves, and lymph nodes. This comprehensive microscopic analysis aids in staging and treatment planning. We perform radical surgeries post initial chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and evaluating residual tumor alongside prognostic factors guides further treatment.

For routine diagnosis, we conduct histochemical studies including PAS, Giemsa, Alcian Blue for mucin, Reticulin, and GMS stains for fungal organisms. Immunohistochemical studies are integral for precise histogenesis and prognostic indicators of tumors. A broad array of monoclonal antibodies, about 100 types, helps subtype Hodgkin’s and Non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas, facilitating tailored treatment planning. The department conducts approximately 15,000 immunohistochemical studies annually.