WHAT IS CANCER
Make An AppointmentWhat is cancer
The human body consists of various types of cells that undergo regular growth and multiplication to maintain normal functioning.
Sometimes, this natural cell division process can be disrupted, leading to the formation of abnormal or incorrect cells. These cells divide in an uncontrolled manner, giving rise to what is known as cancer cells.
Cancer cells have the ability to infiltrate nearby organs or spread through the blood and lymphatic system, causing metastasis or the spread of cancer to other parts of the body.
Cancer can occur in almost any part of the body, and it is primarily categorized based on the type of cell in which it originates.
Carcinoma: Cancer that arises from the epithelium or the covering of an organ.
Sarcoma: Cancer that arises from connective or supportive tissues, such as bone or muscle.
Leukemia: Cancer that originates from the cells that produce blood in the bone marrow.
Lymphoma and Myeloma: Cancers that arise from cells of the immune system.
Astrocytoma and Glioma: Cancers that arise from cells of the nervous system.
Understanding the different types of cancers and their origins is important in guiding appropriate diagnosis, treatment, and management strategies.
How Does Cancer Start
Cancer can be caused by various factors that result in damage to DNA, which is the genetic material in our cells. These factors can include exposure to certain hydrocarbons or chemicals found in tobacco, radiation exposure, or the malfunctioning of built-in protection mechanisms within our bodies. Additionally, certain substances can stimulate excessive cell division, leading to DNA damage and mutations.
When DNA is damaged, it can interfere with essential cell division and other regulatory mechanisms. The disruption of these controlling mechanisms can contribute to the development of cancer. It’s important to note that any factor that induces the aforementioned effects on DNA has the potential to trigger the formation of cancerous cells.
What is Meant by Cancer Stages?
Cancer staging takes place during the initial patient evaluation for a specific type of cancer.
Staging holds significant importance as it determines the appropriate treatment course and provides insights into the potential prognosis.
Stage 0: Represents the precancerous phase.
Stage 1: Denotes localized cancer.
Stage 2 and 3: Signify the cancer’s regional expansion.
Stage 4: Indicates the distant dissemination of cancer.
Can We Prevent Cancer?
Yes, some common cancers are preventable. Leading a healthy life certainly takes you a long way. Avoiding smoking and Avoiding tobacco chewing can reduce the risk of oral cavity and lung cancer. Avoiding or Limiting alcohol consumption, regular exercise and healthy body weight can reduce the risk of breast and endometrial cancers. It is strongly recommended that women get a cervical smear and mammogram after the age of 35 or earlier if needed, as per their doctor’s advice, to ensure early detection of cancer and to enable a complete cure.
What Is Genetic Cancer Risk?
The likelihood of developing cancer can be influenced by one’s family history.
Our bodies contain specific genes that serve as protective measures against cancer. However, when these genes are faulty, individuals are at a higher risk of developing cancer compared to those without such genetic abnormalities.
It is important to note that only a small percentage, typically up to 5%, of certain types of cancer can be attributed to individuals being born with faulty genes.
Faulty genes can be inherited or may occur spontaneously for unknown reasons. It is worth mentioning that not all individuals with mutated cancer protection genes will develop cancer, but they do face an increased risk.
At the Barasat Cancer Research & Welfare Centre, there is a dedicated department specializing in comprehensive molecular oncology. This department comprises highly qualified staff who provide genetic counseling services. Here, individuals can gain clarity regarding their personal risk of cancer and explore options for genetic testing. During these counseling sessions, the limitations, advantages, and disadvantages of genetic testing are thoroughly discussed.